2^nd International Conference and Expo on Lipids: Metabolism, Nutrition & Health October 03-04, 2016 Orlando, Florida, USA

Ales Tomcala has completed his PhD at the age of 29 years from University of South Bohemia. Postdoctoral studies were done in Institute of organic chemistry and biochemistry of CAS and Institute of parasitology of CAS. He is now scietist assistent in laboratory of evolutionary protistology dealing with mas spectrometry of lipids and metabolomics. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals

Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis are photoautotrophic alveolates recently found in Australian corals and shown to be the closest known photosynthetic relatives of apicomplexans. Parasites from the phylum Apicomplexa, such as Plasmodium, cause malaria and other deadly diseases in humans and animals. Chromera velia and V. brassicaformis present extraordinary model organisms to study the evolution of parasitism in apicomplexans. Fatty acid biosynthesis is one of the most important biosynthetic pathways and provides building blocks for membranes. Combined genomic studies and analytical biochemistry techniques represent powerful tools that allow for detailed study of de novo synthesis of fatty acids. Both algae utilize type II fatty acid biosynthesis localized in the plastid to produce myristic, palmitic, and stearic acid. Subsequent modifications of saturated fatty acids are performed by elongases and desaturases localized in the lumen or membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, extensive lipidomic studies of fast growing C. velia revealed a surprisingly high ability to produce and accumulate fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerols. This feature of an apicomplexan photosynthetic cousin opens up the possibility of biotechnological applications.

Gabriela Alvite has completed her MSc in 2006 and her PhD in 2014 from Sciences Faculty, University of the Republic (PEDECIBA, Uruguay). She works as a research assistant and professor in the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section in the Sciences Faculty (UdelaR, Uruguay). She belongs to the Uruguayan National Investigation System (SNI). She has participated in several national and international scientific research projects and has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals. Her research focuses on the study of the structure and function of parasitic platyhelminthes fatty acid binding proteins.

Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are intracellular proteins that bind long chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands. They differ in their tissue distribution, the specificity and affinity for its ligands. The specific function of FABPs is still under investigation, however recently promising findings have been obtained. Some members would be involved in cell proliferation and growth modulation, in gene expression regulation and could collaborate with membrane transporters for fatty acid uptake from the extracellular medium. We have studied FABPs´ roles in the uptake and intracellular transport of BODIPY FL C-16 fatty acid in the parasitic platyhelminth Mesocestoides vogae. It is worth mentioning that these parasites are unable to synthesize de novo their own fatty acids. For this reason they should capture these molecules from the host, which would make FABPs essential molecules for their survival. Parasite larvae were submitted to immunomicroscopy analysis in toto and in cryosections, showing a diffuse cytosolic distribution of FABPs with some expression in nuclei and mitochondria. FABPs distribution was confirmed by mass spectrometry identification from 2D-electrophoresis of larvae subcellular fractions. Furthermore, the ability of these proteins to bind the fluorescent ligand was in vitro analyzed. Our results indicate that FABPs are strong candidates for the intracellular transport of fatty acids, carrying them to different cell compartments including the nucleus. In this sense, M. vogae FABPs could participate in several cellular processes fulfilling most of the functions attributed to vertebrate’s counterparts.

Mooud Amirkavei is doing the second year of her PhD study in Helsinki Biophysics and Biomembrane Group (HBBG) under the supervion of Prof. Paavo Kinnunen at Aalto University, Finland. She did her second master in Pysical Chemistry in University of Paris-Sud, Paris, France. The frist master was completed in Analytical chemistry in Iran. She has 2 published articles in the field of Biophysics and one submitted article. She also published 5 articles in the field of Analytical chemistry

In order to obtain molecular level insight into the biophysics of the apoptosis promoting phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PazePC) we studied its partitioning into different lipid phases by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). To aid the interpretation of these data for PazePC, we characterized by both ITC and fluorescence spectroscopy the fluorescent phospholipid analog (NBD-C6-PC) with the NBD-hexanoyl chain reversing its direction and extending into the aqueous space out of the bilayer, becomes accessible to the water soluble dithionite, which reduces to non-fluorescent product. Our results suggest that these phospholipid derivatives first partition and penetrate into the outer bilayer leaflet of liquid disordered phase liposomes composed of unsaturated 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC). Upon increase up to 2 mol% PazePC and NBD-C6-PC of the overall content, flip-flop from the outer into the inner bilayer leaflet commences. Interestingly, the presence of 40 mol% cholesterol in POPC liposomes did not abrogate the partitioning of PazePC into the liquid ordered phase. In contrast, only insignificant partitioning of PazePC and NBD-C6-PC into sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposomes was evident, highlighting a specific membrane permeability barrier function of this particular lipid composition against oxidatively truncated PazePC, thus emphasizing the importance of detailed characterization of the biophysical properties of membranes found in different cellular organelles, in terms of providing barriers for lipid-mediated cellular signals in processes such as apoptosis.

Mr. Oriakhi Kelly is a lecturer in the Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Nigeria. He received his B.Sc, M.Sc. degrees in Biochemistry, from the University of Benin. He joined the University of Benin in 2010 as a Graduate Assistant, and currently was promoted to lecturer II. His research is focused on Clinical Biochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry with the aim of isolating lead compounds for the treatment/management of diseases. Mr Kelly Oriakhi has authored over 10 scientific publications in peer –reviewed journals. Mr. Oriakhi is a recipient of numerous Awards/prizes, including best Science Student Prize in Adolo College (2000), Third world Academy of Science (TWAS) Award, Trietes, Italy .

Hyperlipidemia, a disorder of lipid metabolism characterized by elevated levels of lipids circulating in the blood, has now become a global concern. It is considered as one of the five leading cause of death in the world. A total of thirty five rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly assigned into seven groups (five rats per group). Group I (control group) was fed with normal diet (ND) only, group II, V, VI and VII were fed with high cholesterol diet, while groups III and IV were fed with normal diet for five weeks and thereafter administered with 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of Tetracarpidium conophorum oil (TCO) respectively for a period of 20 days. Group II were maintained on hyper cholesterol diet, while Group V and VI was administered 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of TCO respectively for a period of 20 days, while group VII was given 80 mg/kg body weight of atorvastatin used as a reference drug. After six weeks , rats were deprived of food overnight, the animals where sacrificed. Blood sample was collected and biochemically analyzed for Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High Density Lipoprotein HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), Malondialdehyde levels (MDA), Creatine Kinase(CK) and Lactate Lehydrogenase (LDH) activities. The results show that there were significant increases (PË‚0.05) in TC, LDL-C, CK, LDH and MDA levels with a reduction in HDL-C in rats induced with high cholesterol diet after 37 days when compared to the initial values at day 0. Oral administration of Tetracarpidium conophorum oil and atovastatin drug for a period of 20 days resulted in significant lowering (PË‚0.05) of the levels of TC, LDL-C, CK, LDH and MDA levels with increase in HDL-C in rats induced with high cholesterol diet. However there were also significant decreases (PË‚0.05) in TC, LDL-C, LDH, CK and MDA levels with increase in HDL-C in rats administered with 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of Tetracarpidium conophorum oil alone for 20 days in rats fed with normal diet when compared to control. Tetracarpidium conophorum oil could effectively reduce or control the amount of serum cholesterol and LDL-C. It is apparent that the oil could contribute to new formulation with significant hypolipidemic effect and cardioprotective properties.

Dr. Hadil Subih, an Assistant Professor in Clinical Nutrition-Jordan University of Science and Technology. I'm also a Clinical Nutrition counselor in King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH)/Jordan. I got my PhD from Texas Tech University (2014). I finished my MA from New Mexico State University. My research interest is the study of obesity, diabetes and health biomarkers

Background: Recently, obesity is diagnosed as a major health issue worldwide and in Jordan due to the fact that 50% of the population in Jordan is diagnosed as obese or overweight. In addition, studies have shown a close relationship between obesity and vitamin D deficiency. Objectives: Our study was designed to examine the impact of a high monthly dose (50,000 IU) of vitamin D3 and calcium supplementation (1200 mg/dl) on the visceral adiposity reduction while improving serum vitamin D status in vitamin D deficient patients visiting the dietitian for weight loss. Also to evaluate the potential effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipid profiles, fasting glucose levels, PTH, TSH, insulin sensitivity and HbA1c. Methods: A total of 45 morbidly obese subjects (BMI (kg/m2) ≥30) and vitamin D deficient were randomly assigned to 4 groups, CON group who only received a weight loss diet (n=10). Diet/D group (n=13) received 50,000 IU/week of cholecalciferol in addition to the weight loss regimen, Diet/Ca group (n=10) received 1200mg/dl calcium in addition to the weight loss regimen. Diet/D/Ca group received 50,000 IU/week of cholecalciferol and 1200 mg/dl/d calcium (n=12). Serum 25 (OH) D, calcium, PTH, TSH, insulin, fasting glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and HbA1c were measured at baseline and 3 months after supplementation. Results: Three months after supplementation and following a diet, waist circumference was significantly reduced in Diet/D and Diet/D/Ca groups, the most weight reduction % and BMI reduction was observed in Diet/D and Diet/D/Ca as well (p≤0.05). Fasting glucose was reduced in all groups (p≤0.05) which is most likely due to weight loss rather than supplementations. Diet/D and Diet/D/Ca groups had a significant reduction in PTH levels after 3 months of supplementations when compared with treatment groups (p≤0.05). Finally, Diet/D and Diet/D/Ca groups had a significant reduction of triglycerides and cholesterol levels (p≤0.05). Neither insulin nor TSH had been affected by supplementation. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that correcting vitamin D deficiency is a very effective approach that should be followed in weight loss regimen when accompanied with a low-caloric diet. Vitamin D also improved lipid profile and PTH as well.

Ning Lin has completed her PhD at the age of 28 years from Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. She is a clinical nutritionist working in Chengdu Military General Hospital. She has published more than 19 papers in both English and Chinese journals and has also published 6 book chapters in Chinese

Do n-3 PUFAs lower inflammation markers in Type 2 diabetic mellitus populations?: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: To explore the possible role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in lowering inflammation markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PubMed, CNKI and Cochrane databases were searched until December 30, 2015; references from papers or reviews were also retrieved and screened. Screening was performed by two independent researchers, and randomized controlled trials reporting the specific n-3 PUFAs type, dose, frequency, and duration of treatment, as well as the baseline and follow-up concentrations of inflammation markers, including interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP), were selected for final analysis. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software. Eight studies involving 955 participants were included; all reported CRP. Only one included study reported IL-2 or IL-6 while two studies reported TNF-α. N-3 PUFAs significantly reduced CRP concentration compared with control [SMD 95% CI, 1.90 (0.64, 3.16), Z=2.96, P=0.003, random effect model]. N-3 PUFAs decrease CRP concentration in type-2 diabetes mellitus. However, larger and rigorously designed RCTs are required to confirm this finding and extend it into other inflammatory biomarkers.

Al-Qirim has completed his PhD from Aligarh University in Clinical Biochemistry and persue his research in Free radicals and Antioxidants field then he specialized in testing novel synthetic coumpounds which has a hypolipidemic activity and published more than 20 paper in reputed journals in this filed. Now he is the Dean of Reseach and Graduate studies in Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan.

Hyperlipidemia is involved in development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. We synthesized two novel pyrrole carboxamide derivatives N-(4-Benzoylphenyl)-4-bromo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2 carboxamide (1) and 4- Amino-N-(4-benzoylphenyl)-1-methyl-1H- pyrrole-2carboxamide (2) and test them as antihypelipidemic agents. The synthesized compounds were characterized using I.R. and NMR. Biological evaluation of compound 1 and 2 showed that compound 1 significantly decreased TG, LDL-C, TC and mild increase in HDL-C in plasma. Contrarily, compound 2 appeared to be less potent compared to 1; it moderately decreased TG, LDL-C and TC with mild increase of HDL-C. The NH pyrrole mediates H-bondinteraction of 1 with the backbone of the target(s) protein(s) and this corresponds to the high potency of 1. The lower activity of 2 confirms that the presence of H-bond is essential to induce high activity. The finding of this work suggests that this scaffold might be promising as antihypelipidemic agents for future work.

Prof. Dr. D.S.Sheriff has received his PhD in Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Madras University during the period of 1977. Currently, he is working as Professor in Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya. He has successfully completed his Administrative responsibilities as Vice-Dean, PG Professor .His research has included projects related to clinical chemistry, andrology, Metabolic disorders, Medical ethics and education. Based on this research and fellowship training he has received several awards and honors, such as: Best Teacher and Research worker. He is serving as an editorial member of several reputed journals like Journal of Royal Society of Medicine. He has authored 150 research articles and 7 books. He is a member of Life member of European Society for Human Reproduction and early human development, Associations of Indian society of clinical Biochemists, American Association of Clinical chemistry, Indian physiology and pharmacology association.

Background & objective: There is considerable body of evidence to demonstrate an association between adiponectin and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Western and South Asian population. Such a study in Libyan subjects is lacking and the present study was undertaken to evaluate the association of between adiponectin with NAFLD in Libyan subjects. Method: One hundred twenty one subjects without NAFLD and 72 subjects with NAFLD were selected. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Serum adiponectin levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay. Insulin resistance was calculated using Homeostasis Assessment model (HOMA-IR). Results: Serum adiponectin values were significantly lower in subjects with NAFLD compared to those without [5.5 μg/ml (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 5.0 - 6.5 μg/ml] vs 7.2 μg/ml (95% CI: 6.7 - 8.4 μg/ml, P<0.01). Adiponectin levels decreased with increasing severity of NAFLD. Subjects with moderate to severe steatosis had significantly lower adiponectin levels (5.3μg/ml, 95% CI: 4.1- 6.6 μg/ml) compared to subjects with mild steatosis (5.9 μg/ml, 95% CI: 5.0 - 6.9 μg/ml; P<0.001) and subjects without NAFLD (7.3 μg/ml, 95% CI: 6.6 - 8.0 μg/ml; P<0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed adiponectin to be negatively associated with NAFLD [Odds Ratio (OR): 0.865, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.792- 0.944, P=0.001]. Reduced levels of serum adiponectin was significant after adjusting for confounding factors age, gender, body mass index, insulin resistance, waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose intolerance (OR: 0.873, 95% CI: 0.793 - 0.961; P=0.005). Interpretation & conclusion: Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with NAFLD independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in Libyans known to have high prevalence of diabetes and coronary artery disease.

Zuoguang Wang has completed his MD in 2008 from Capital Medical University, China. He is a postergraduate tutor. He has finished and is responsible for several national and Beijing municiple grants. As the first author, he has published more than 60 papers in reputed journals, and 2 books. He also proposed a new theory-A four dimensional model for the mechanism of essential hypertension.

Background Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is a gene involved of many cell biological processes. In particular, it is very important in modulating mitochondrial metabolism with an impact on energy metabolism. This study aimed at investing the association between polymorphism of 5’-uncoding region (5’-UCR) –1248 A>G variation and level of blood lipids in hypertensive patients. Methods 100 hypertensive patients with combined hyperlipidemia (HTH group) and 106 hypertensive patients with normal blood lipids (HTN group) were screened. Venous blood was drawn and DNA was extracted. Polymorphism of Mfn2 in 5’-UCR (A-1248G) was detected by qT-PCR. Blood lipids were also measured. Results HTH and HTN groups were well matched by age and sex. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in HTH group than in HTN group (P=0.016). Compared to HTN group, HTH group has higher frequency of the genotype distribution and allelic frequency in 5’-UCR (A-1248G) of Mfn2 gene (P<0.05 for all). When subgrouped by BMI, the genotype distribution and allelic frequency of Mfn2 in 5’-UCR (A-1248G) in HNH group was significantly higher than in HTN group when BMI≥25 (P<0.01 for all), but not when BMI<25 (P>0.05 for all). Association analysis showed that only A>G variation was significantly associated with cholesterol of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL-C) and total cholesterol level (R= –0.689, R= –0.562, respectively). As to HDL-C and triglyceride, there were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion 5’-UCR –1248 A>G variation of Mfn2 gene may be associated with high level of ox-LDL-C and total cholesterol in hypertensive Chinese patients.

Jie Zhang has completed his PhD at the age of 28 years from Northwest A&F University and postdoctoral studies from Peking University of China. Now she works in the institute of food science and technology, the Chinese academy of agircultral sciences. She has published more than 16 papers and has been serving as the reviewers for Food Chemistry, International Journal of Food Science and Technology, and Marine Drugs. She foucs on the mechanism and application of agriculture products processing

Irradiation is an important cold sterilization technique, and has been approved in the application of food field including spice, dehydrated vegetables, frozen meat and cooked meat products . However, it has been limited in the food high in fat since irradiation could induce the off-odor because of fats oxidation. With the development of high-energy electronic eradiating accelerator, it could keep the sterilization effect and inhibit the fats oxidation comparing the conventional γ rays irridation, especially with irridation from the high dose rate. In the previsou paper, we firstly screen effects from dose and dose rate on the phycical from irradiated chilled beef loins. In the present paper, we further investigated the lipidomics varaiation between control and treated by 3.0 kGy in 150 kGy/min. The results showed that there were 857 lipid compounds found in the irriated chilled beef, which belong to sterol, fatty acids, glyceride, sphingolipid, PA, PE, PG, PS, PI and CL. There were huge differenes between compsition and species variation. PC decreased 3%, fatty acids 4%, glyceride 6%, and PE 1%. The lipidomics analysis provided the important evidence for the lipid quality changments.

Mr. Kaushal Kumar Mahto completed master degree in Biotechnology at the age of 23 from Lalit Narayan Mithila University, India in 2010. Presently he is working with collaboration with expertise’s in the field of fungal genetics and biochemistry of pathogenic yeast Candida albicans at school of life sciences, JNU India. Recently he has awarded, as Senior Research Fellow (SRF) of Indian Council of Medical Research, India recently. However Mahto is working in the field of mycology, so he is trying to understand that how lipids directly and indirectly regulate and involve in term of multi drugs resistance (MDR) mechanism and virulence of pathogenic fungus Candida albicans via set of kinases mutants. He had already obtained some significant interesting result by lipidomics approaches and many basic techniques, during his research work and some of the finding and study has been published in very reputed peer reviewed journal such as Plos One and OMICS. He will complete PhD in this year, as well as he is member of the Society of Biological Chemists (India) and American society of microbiology, etc.

The occurrence of pathogenic fungal infections has been rising all over the world. Although the research is developing the field of mycology, there is still a need for the identification of reliable determinants of virulence and obtain successful therapy in human. Candida albicans synthesizes the major lipids component such as sterol and its membranes contain typically eukaryotic lipid species like phospholipids, phosphoglycerides, etc. which play role in cellular processes such as membrane homeostasis, signaling, morphogenesis, cell wall integrity etc. The incidences of Candida albicans cells acquiring multidrug resistant (MDR) are common, which in turn hamper their successful chemotherapy. In membrane of C. albicans changes in ergo sterol composition by disruption of ERG genes results in improper surface localization of drug efflux pumps like Cdr1p. There are also instances where common regulation of MDR and lipid metabolism genes has been observed. MDR in C. albicans is closely linked to the status of membrane lipids like ergo sterol. However mechanisms, which regulate these lipid changes at compositional level, are largely unknown. A recent study showed that several kinase defective mutants of C. albicans were susceptible to azoles which target ergo sterol biosynthesis suggesting that these kinases somehow, either directly or indirectly, affect ergo sterol biosynthesis pathway. Results and Discussion: In the present study we screened for the kinases whose knockouts might show an abrupt or depleted ergo sterol levels. Based on thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry screens we found some kinases, which showed defect in ergo sterol biosynthesis. Interestingly we find high ergo sterol content in several kinase mutants, yet these were susceptible to azole. Next we screened these select kinase mutants with drugs affecting different MDR pathways namely the cell wall and mitochondria. We further checked for the mycelia formation in these mutants. We have found some interesting correlation among these different pathways and based on our previous studies we hypothesize that ergo sterol remains the key component of major MDR mechanism and that several kinases are involved in regulating the level of this fungal lipid. Although the complete understanding of the ergo sterol regulation via the kinase circuitry will require further validation by correlation of molecular and lipidomics study. Our study points towards a new functional role to these kinases in C. albicans.